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OC48 Basics
OC48 is the abbreviated term for Optical Carrier level 48, used to specify the speed level of OC networks. Speed is measured through SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) standards.
OC48 works as a reliable fiber optic backbone for large networks with volume extensive voice/data/video traffic.
An OC48 line is often made up of what is called a "SONET ring" to maintain it's reliability during it's high speed transmissions.
A common method of back up used with a SONET ring is called a "bi-directional ring topology." This bi-directional ring is a physical topology which deploys two sets of fiber strands along the ring structure.
The first fiber strand is for sending and receiving. The second strand reroutes voice and data traffic from the original strand in another direction should the first strand break or malfunction.
Bi-directional ring topology helps ensure redundancy within OC48 networks.
The primary function of OC-48 is to take , synchronize , and transport data and voice at the speed of 2.4 Gbps reliably. Common sources of this data include ATM and Frame Relay switches, T1 / T3 multiplexers, and extensive IP networks.
STS-48 is the abbreviated term standing for Synchronous Transport Signal level 48. STS and SONET OC48 carry the same electrical equivalent.
STS-48 is an optical carrier frame consisting of the following characteristics:
SPE (Synchronous Payload Envelope), SOH (Section Overhead), POH (Path Overhead), and LOH (Line Overhead).
SPE is the electronic envelope that carries the data over the OC-48 path otherwise known as the Payload.
SOH maintains all the links within OC48 while relaying line status to the end user. The information within SOH includes the status of transported data, the notification of messages, as well as alarm levels.
POH is responsible for the functionality of the data envelope in OC48 while in transit. Such functionality includes vital information for the management of end-to-end networks. POH travels within the data envelope until the data is demultiplexed through multiplexing equipment.
LOH controls the reliability transit of the data.
LOH and SOH combined on a SONET network create what is referred to as TOH (Transport Overhead). TOH is one of the elements responsible for signaling and control over OC-48 network lines.
1. Photonic Layer - This layer converts transmitted electrical signals that usually travel via copper into optical signals then transfers them back into electrical signals at the end of the transmission.
2. Section Layer - This layer monitors the condition and progress of signal in route to and from signal amplifiers and applied hardware.
3. Line Layer - This layer monitors and provides administration of multiplexers as well as provides synchronization of multiple signals. Through this synchronization, all the signals are put into one stream of traffic for high speed transfer.
4. Path Layer - Assembles and disassembles transmitted data and voice into frames.
SONET
OC-n MegaBit/Gigabit
OC1 51.84
Mbps
OC3 155.52
Mbps
OC9 466.56
Mbps
OC12 622.08
Mbps
OC18 933.12
Mbps
OC24 1.244
Gbps
OC36 1.9
Gbps
OC48 2.488
Gbps
OC96 5
Gbps
OC192 10
Gbps
OC256 13.271
Gbps
OC768 40
Gbps
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